Investopedia

Short for Securities and Exchange Commission, which aims to "maintain fair, orderly, and efficient markets". All U.S. listed companies have to file their financial statements with the SEC.

A balance sheet item which indicates the sum of the money originally invested in the firm and the retained earnings it has accumulated over time. It is equal to total assets minus total liabilities.

The number of tradeable stocks held by investors. Essentially, this number indicates into how many pieces the business is divided. This number is used to calculate earnings per share and market cap.

A measure of volatility which tells us how far the historical returns have been deviating from the mean return over time.

Strike price, also known as "exercise price", is the price at which a stock may be bought (call option) or sold (put option) by the holder of the option.

Sustainable competitive advantages are advantages that are not easily copied and, thus, can be maintained over a long period of time.

A measure of how much a firm can grow without borrowing more money.

Sustainable growth rate = Return on equity x (1 - Dividend payout ratio)